Discover Exceptional Custom Welding and Fabrication Near You


Discover Exceptional Custom Welding and Fabrication Near You


In search of custom welding and fabrication services near you? Look no further! Whether you’re a homeowner with a unique project in mind or a business owner seeking specialized fabrication solutions, finding the right welding and fabrication shop is crucial.


Editor’s Note: Custom welding and fabrication is an invaluable service for a wide range of industries and personal projects. To help you make informed decisions, we’ve compiled this comprehensive guide to custom welding and fabrication near you.

Through extensive analysis and research, we’ve put together this guide to help you find the best custom welding and fabrication services for your needs. Our in-depth exploration covers:


Key Differences: A table summarizing the key differences between various welding and fabrication techniques.


Main Article Topics:

Custom Welding and Fabrication Near Me

Custom welding and fabrication services offer a wide range of benefits, catering to diverse needs and industries. Understanding the key aspects of these services is essential for selecting the right provider and ensuring project success.

  • Expertise: Skilled professionals with specialized knowledge and experience.
  • Customization: Tailored solutions to meet specific requirements and designs.
  • Precision: Accurate and meticulous work for high-quality results.
  • Materials: Access to a variety of materials for diverse applications.
  • Equipment: State-of-the-art equipment for efficient and effective fabrication.
  • Quality Control: Rigorous processes to ensure adherence to standards and specifications.
  • Safety: Compliance with industry safety regulations and best practices.
  • Communication: Clear and timely communication throughout the project.
  • Cost-Effectiveness: Competitive pricing and transparent cost breakdowns.
  • Turnaround Time: Efficient project completion within agreed-upon timelines.
  • Customer Service: Responsive and supportive service before, during, and after the project.

These key aspects are interconnected and influence the overall success of a custom welding and fabrication project. By considering these factors, you can evaluate potential providers, make informed decisions, and ensure that your project meets the desired specifications, quality standards, and budget constraints.

Expertise


Expertise, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, expertise reigns supreme. Skilled professionals, armed with specialized knowledge and extensive experience, are the cornerstone of exceptional craftsmanship and project success.

  • Craftsmanship and Precision: Expert welders possess a deep understanding of welding techniques, metallurgy, and fabrication processes. This knowledge enables them to execute precise welds, ensuring structural integrity, aesthetic appeal, and optimal performance.
  • Material Mastery: Skilled professionals are well-versed in the properties and applications of various metals and alloys used in welding and fabrication. This expertise allows them to select the most suitable materials for each project, ensuring durability, longevity, and adherence to industry standards.
  • Industry Knowledge: Expert fabricators are familiar with the latest industry trends, best practices, and safety regulations. This knowledge enables them to stay abreast of advancements, adopt innovative techniques, and maintain compliance with evolving standards.
  • Problem-Solving and Innovation: Expertise empowers fabricators to approach complex challenges with creativity and ingenuity. They can analyze project requirements, identify potential issues, and develop innovative solutions that meet specific needs and exceed expectations.

When seeking custom welding and fabrication services near you, prioritize expertise as a key selection criterion. Skilled professionals with specialized knowledge and experience will guide your project from concept to completion, ensuring the highest levels of quality, precision, and reliability.

Customization


Customization, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, customization reigns supreme. Skilled professionals collaborate closely with clients to understand their unique requirements and translate them into tangible solutions. This tailored approach ensures that each project aligns seamlessly with its intended purpose and aesthetic vision.

  • Embracing Client Input: Custom fabricators prioritize client involvement throughout the design and fabrication process. They actively listen to client needs, preferences, and constraints, ensuring that the final product exceeds expectations.
  • Adapting to Diverse Industries: Custom welding and fabrication services cater to a wide range of industries, including automotive, construction, manufacturing, and art. This versatility allows fabricators to adapt their skills and expertise to meet the specific demands of each sector.
  • Unique Designs and Aesthetics: Skilled fabricators are not limited to standard designs. They collaborate with clients to create one-of-a-kind pieces that reflect their personal style or brand identity. This customization extends to both functional and decorative elements.
  • Problem-Solving and Innovation: Customization often involves addressing unique challenges or incorporating innovative design elements. Fabricators leverage their expertise to devise creative solutions that meet specific requirements while maintaining structural integrity and aesthetic appeal.

The connection between customization and custom welding and fabrication near me is undeniable. By embracing client input, adapting to diverse industries, creating unique designs, and fostering a problem-solving mindset, custom fabricators empower clients to realize their visions and elevate their projects to the next level.

Precision


Precision, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, precision is paramount. It’s the cornerstone of high-quality results, ensuring that every weld, cut, and bend meets exacting standards. This meticulous attention to detail is what sets custom fabricators apart from the rest.

Precision in custom welding and fabrication translates to:

  • Structural Integrity: Precise welds ensure that fabricated structures are strong, stable, and able to withstand the intended loads and stresses.
  • Aesthetic Appeal: Meticulous fabrication results in clean lines, smooth finishes, and visually appealing products that enhance the overall design.
  • Functional Performance: Precision is crucial for components that require precise movement, alignment, or fit. It ensures that these components operate smoothly and efficiently.
  • Industry Compliance: Many industries have strict quality standards that require precise welding and fabrication. Meeting these standards ensures compliance and product safety.

Custom fabricators achieve precision through:

  • Skilled Craftsmanship: Experienced welders and fabricators possess the steady hands and keen eyes necessary for precise work.
  • Specialized Equipment: State-of-the-art welding and fabrication equipment allows for precise control over temperature, speed, and positioning.
  • Quality Control: Rigorous quality control processes ensure that every aspect of the fabrication meets the required specifications.

The connection between precision and custom welding and fabrication near me is undeniable. Precision is the foundation of high-quality, reliable, and visually appealing products. By seeking out custom fabricators who prioritize precision, you can ensure that your project meets the highest standards and delivers exceptional results.

Materials


Materials, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, access to a wide range of materials is essential to meet the diverse needs of clients and industries. Skilled fabricators maintain close relationships with material suppliers, ensuring a steady supply of high-quality materials to bring project visions to life.

  • Metals and Alloys: Custom fabricators have access to a vast array of metals and alloys, each with unique properties and applications. From structural steels to lightweight aluminum and corrosion-resistant stainless steel, fabricators can select the ideal material for each project’s specific requirements.
  • Plastics and Composites: Modern welding and fabrication techniques allow for the incorporation of plastics and composites into custom projects. These materials offer advantages such as lightweight, durability, and resistance to chemicals and corrosion.
  • Specialty Materials: For highly specialized projects, custom fabricators may utilize exotic materials such as titanium, Inconel, and Hastelloy. These materials provide exceptional strength, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature performance.
Read Too -   Unveiling the Secrets of Exhibit Design and Fabrication

The connection between materials and custom welding and fabrication near me is undeniable. Access to a diverse range of materials empowers fabricators to cater to the unique requirements of each client, ensuring that the final product meets the desired specifications, performance expectations, and aesthetic appeal.

Equipment


Equipment, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, state-of-the-art equipment plays a pivotal role in ensuring efficient and effective project execution. Fabricators equipped with advanced machinery can produce high-quality products with greater precision, speed, and consistency.

The connection between equipment and custom welding and fabrication near me is undeniable. Access to advanced equipment empowers fabricators to:

  • Enhance Precision: Modern welding machines provide precise control over welding parameters, resulting in stronger, more accurate welds. Advanced cutting equipment ensures clean, precise cuts, minimizing material waste and enhancing overall product quality.
  • Increase Efficiency: Automated welding systems and robotic arms streamline the fabrication process, increasing production speed and reducing labor costs. This efficiency translates to faster project completion times and cost savings for clients.
  • Expand Capabilities: Specialized equipment, such as laser cutters and plasma cutters, enables fabricators to work with a wider range of materials and thicknesses, expanding their capabilities and catering to diverse project requirements.
  • Ensure Safety: Advanced equipment often incorporates safety features that protect operators from hazards such as fumes, sparks, and excessive noise. This enhances the overall safety of the fabrication environment.

The practical significance of understanding the connection between equipment and custom welding and fabrication near me lies in the ability to identify and select fabricators who invest in state-of-the-art machinery. By partnering with well-equipped fabricators, clients can expect higher quality products, faster turnaround times, and greater cost-effectiveness.

Key Insights:

  • State-of-the-art equipment is essential for efficient and effective custom welding and fabrication.
  • Access to advanced equipment enhances precision, increases efficiency, expands capabilities, and ensures safety.
  • Clients should prioritize working with fabricators who invest in state-of-the-art equipment to achieve optimal project outcomes.

Quality Control


Quality Control, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, quality control takes center stage as a pivotal component that ensures the end product meets or exceeds industry standards and client expectations. Rigorous quality control processes are not mere formalities but rather the bedrock upon which exceptional craftsmanship and project success are built.

The connection between quality control and custom welding and fabrication near me is multifaceted:

Compliance and Safety: Adherence to quality control standards guarantees that fabricated products comply with industry regulations and safety requirements. This is especially critical for projects involving structural components or products intended for public use.Precision and Accuracy: Stringent quality control measures ensure that welds meet precise specifications, resulting in accurate dimensions, proper alignment, and overall structural integrity.Material Integrity: Quality control processes involve thorough inspection of materials used in fabrication. This helps identify and eliminate defects or inconsistencies that could compromise the final product’s performance or longevity.Enhanced Performance: By adhering to quality control protocols, fabricators can identify and mitigate potential issues during the fabrication process. This proactive approach minimizes the risk of defects or errors, leading to products that perform reliably and efficiently.Client Satisfaction: Rigorous quality control demonstrates a commitment to delivering a high-quality product that meets the client’s vision and requirements. This attention to detail fosters trust and satisfaction, leading to long-term relationships and repeat business.

The practical significance of understanding the connection between quality control and custom welding and fabrication near me lies in the ability to evaluate potential fabricators and select those who prioritize quality throughout their processes. By partnering with quality-conscious fabricators, clients can expect products that are safe, reliable, and built to last.

Key Insights:

  • Quality control is an essential component of custom welding and fabrication, ensuring adherence to standards and specifications.
  • Rigorous quality control processes enhance product safety, precision, and overall performance.
  • Clients should prioritize working with fabricators who demonstrate a strong commitment to quality control.

Safety


Safety, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, safety takes precedence, as it directly impacts the well-being of individuals and the integrity of the fabricated products. Compliance with industry safety regulations and adherence to best practices are paramount to ensure a safe and controlled work environment.

  • Hazard Identification and Control:
    Skilled fabricators conduct thorough risk assessments to identify potential hazards associated with welding and fabrication processes. They implement appropriate control measures, such as proper ventilation, personal protective equipment, and designated safety zones, to minimize risks.
  • Fire Prevention and Management:
    Welding and fabrication involve high temperatures and flammable materials, making fire prevention crucial. Fabricators follow strict protocols for handling flammable substances, maintaining a clean work area, and having fire extinguishers readily available.
  • Electrical Safety:
    Electrical equipment is extensively used in welding and fabrication. Fabricators adhere to electrical safety standards, ensuring proper grounding, insulation, and regular maintenance to prevent electrical accidents.
  • Ergonomic Practices:
    Custom welding and fabrication often involve repetitive tasks and awkward postures. Fabricators prioritize ergonomic principles to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and promote worker well-being.

By adhering to safety regulations and best practices, custom welding and fabrication professionals demonstrate their commitment to creating a safe work environment, protecting their employees, and ensuring the safety of their products.

Communication


Communication, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, effective communication serves as the linchpin that connects all aspects of a project, ensuring a seamless flow of information and a successful outcome. Clear and timely communication between the fabricator, the client, and other stakeholders is paramount to achieving project goals and maintaining a positive working relationship.

The significance of communication in custom welding and fabrication cannot be overstated. It plays a pivotal role in various aspects of the project, including:

  • Project Definition and Scope: Open communication during the initial stages of the project helps establish a clear understanding of the client’s needs, project specifications, and timelines. This shared understanding reduces the likelihood of misunderstandings and costly rework later on.
  • Design and Engineering: Effective communication between the fabricator and the designer ensures that the design intent is accurately translated into the physical product. Clear communication of technical details, material specifications, and fabrication techniques is crucial for achieving the desired outcome.
  • Fabrication Process: Throughout the fabrication process, ongoing communication is essential for timely updates on progress, identification of potential issues, and coordination of any necessary adjustments. This ensures that all parties are on the same page and that the project remains on track.
  • Quality Control and Inspection: Clear communication of quality standards and inspection procedures helps ensure that the fabricated product meets the agreed-upon specifications. Regular communication of inspection results and any necessary corrective actions fosters transparency and trust between the fabricator and the client.
  • Project Delivery and Installation: Effective communication during the final stages of the project ensures a smooth handover and installation process. Clear communication of delivery timelines, installation instructions, and any necessary training helps minimize delays and ensures a successful project completion.
Read Too -   Discover Custom Concepts Fabrication: Unveiling Limitless Possibilities in Metal Crafting

The practical significance of understanding the connection between communication and custom welding and fabrication near me lies in the ability to recognize the importance of clear and timely communication throughout the project lifecycle. By prioritizing effective communication, fabricators can build strong relationships with their clients, manage expectations, avoid costly mistakes, and deliver high-quality products that meet the client’s vision.

In summary, communication is not merely a supporting element in custom welding and fabrication; it is an integral part of the process that directly influences project success. By embracing clear and timely communication, fabricators and clients can navigate the complexities of custom projects with greater efficiency, ensuring a positive and productive working relationship.

Cost-Effectiveness


Cost-Effectiveness, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, cost-effectiveness is not merely a desirable trait; it is a fundamental aspect that directly impacts project feasibility and client satisfaction. Competitive pricing and transparent cost breakdowns are essential components of cost-effectiveness, ensuring that clients receive fair value for their investment and can make informed decisions.

The connection between cost-effectiveness and custom welding and fabrication near me is multifaceted. Firstly, competitive pricing enables clients to compare services and select fabricators who offer the best value for their money. Transparent cost breakdowns, on the other hand, provide clients with a clear understanding of the various cost components involved in their project. This transparency fosters trust and helps clients avoid unexpected expenses or hidden fees.

Consider the following real-life example: A construction company seeking custom steel fabrication for a commercial building received quotes from several fabricators. Fabricator A offered the lowest overall price, but their cost breakdown lacked detail, leaving the construction company uncertain about the actual costs of materials, labor, and other expenses. Fabricator B, on the other hand, provided a detailed cost breakdown that clearly outlined each cost component. Despite having a slightly higher overall price, the construction company chose Fabricator B due to the transparency and confidence inspired by the detailed cost breakdown.

The practical significance of understanding the connection between cost-effectiveness and custom welding and fabrication near me lies in the ability to evaluate potential fabricators and make informed decisions. By prioritizing cost-effective fabricators who provide competitive pricing and transparent cost breakdowns, clients can optimize their budgets, mitigate financial risks, and ensure that their projects are completed within the allocated budget.

To further enhance cost-effectiveness, clients can consider the following tips:

  • Obtain multiple quotes from different fabricators to compare pricing and services.
  • Request detailed cost breakdowns that outline the specific costs of materials, labor, overhead, and any additional expenses.
  • Negotiate pricing and payment terms that align with your budget and project timeline.
  • Consider the long-term value of the fabricated product, including durability, performance, and maintenance costs.

In conclusion, cost-effectiveness is a crucial aspect of custom welding and fabrication near me, as it directly impacts project feasibility, client satisfaction, and overall success. By prioritizing competitive pricing and transparent cost breakdowns, clients can make informed decisions, optimize their budgets, and ensure the successful completion of their custom welding and fabrication projects.

Turnaround Time


Turnaround Time, Custom Metal

In the fast-paced world of custom welding and fabrication, turnaround time plays a pivotal role in ensuring project success and client satisfaction. Efficient project completion within agreed-upon timelines is not merely a desirable trait; it is a fundamental component that directly impacts project outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and overall competitiveness.

Importance of Turnaround Time in Custom Welding and Fabrication:

  • Client Satisfaction: Meeting agreed-upon timelines demonstrates respect for the client’s schedule and priorities, fostering trust and long-term relationships.
  • Cost Control: Efficient project completion minimizes downtime and overhead costs, allowing fabricators to maintain competitive pricing and optimize their operations.
  • Competitive Advantage: Fast and reliable turnaround times provide a competitive edge in the market, attracting clients who value timely project delivery.

Real-Life Example:

A manufacturing company required custom steel fabrication for a critical component of their production line. Timely delivery was crucial to avoid costly production delays. After evaluating several fabricators, they selected a company known for its efficient turnaround times. The fabricator implemented a streamlined production process, optimized scheduling, and maintained open communication throughout the project. As a result, the custom component was delivered and installed ahead of schedule, minimizing downtime and maximizing production efficiency for the manufacturing company.

Practical Significance:

Understanding the connection between turnaround time and custom welding and fabrication near me empowers clients to make informed decisions when selecting a fabricator. By prioritizing fabricators who demonstrate a commitment to efficient project completion, clients can:

  • Ensure that their projects are completed on time and within budget.
  • Minimize disruptions to their operations and schedules.
  • Build strong working relationships with reliable and responsive fabricators.

To further enhance turnaround time, clients can consider the following tips:

  • Provide clear and detailed project specifications and timelines from the outset.
  • Establish realistic project timelines that take into account the complexity and scale of the project.
  • Communicate regularly with the fabricator to track progress and identify any potential delays.
  • Be flexible and willing to adjust the project scope or timelines if necessary to accommodate unforeseen circumstances.

In conclusion, turnaround time is an essential aspect of custom welding and fabrication near me, directly influencing project outcomes, client satisfaction, and overall competitiveness. By prioritizing efficient project completion within agreed-upon timelines, fabricators can establish themselves as reliable partners and deliver exceptional results that meet the evolving needs of their clients.

Customer Service


Customer Service, Custom Metal

In the realm of custom welding and fabrication, customer service is not merely a department or function; it is the lifeblood that sustains long-lasting relationships and ensures project success. Responsive and supportive service, before, during, and after the project, plays a pivotal role in fostering client trust, satisfaction, and repeat business.

  • Proactive Communication:
    Exceptional customer service begins with proactive communication. Fabricators who prioritize customer service actively reach out to clients, providing regular project updates, seeking feedback, and addressing any concerns promptly. This open and transparent communication fosters a sense of partnership and keeps clients informed throughout the project lifecycle.
  • Technical Expertise and Support:
    Beyond communication, customer service in custom welding and fabrication encompasses technical expertise and support. Skilled fabricators serve as knowledgeable advisors, providing valuable insights and solutions to complex design challenges. They are available to answer questions, troubleshoot issues, and ensure that the final product meets the client’s functional and aesthetic requirements.
  • On-Time Delivery and Installation:
    Meeting agreed-upon timelines is a hallmark of reliable customer service. Fabricators who prioritize customer service understand the importance of on-time delivery and installation. They work diligently to adhere to project schedules, minimizing disruptions to the client’s operations and ensuring a smooth transition to the final product.
  • Post-Project Follow-Up:
    Exceptional customer service extends beyond project completion. Reputable fabricators conduct follow-up checks to ensure client satisfaction and address any post-installation queries or concerns. This commitment to long-term support demonstrates a genuine interest in the client’s experience and fosters lasting relationships.
Read Too -   Discover the Secrets of Custom Fabrication: Uncover Innovations and Solutions

The connection between customer service and custom welding and fabrication near me is undeniable. Clients seeking custom fabrication solutions need to know that they can rely on responsive, supportive, and technically proficient fabricators. By prioritizing customer service, fabricators can differentiate themselves in the market, build a loyal client base, and establish a reputation for excellence in the industry.

Custom Welding and Fabrication FAQs

Custom welding and fabrication involve specialized techniques and materials, often leaving individuals with unanswered questions. This FAQ section addresses common concerns and misconceptions, providing insightful answers to guide your decision-making.

Question 1: What is the difference between welding and fabrication?

Answer: Welding is a process that joins metal pieces by melting and fusing them together. Fabrication, on the other hand, encompasses a broader range of processes, including cutting, bending, shaping, and assembling metal components to create custom structures or products. Fabrication often involves welding as a joining technique, but it also incorporates other techniques and materials.

Question 2: What materials can be welded and fabricated?

Answer: A wide range of metals can be welded and fabricated, including steel, aluminum, stainless steel, and titanium. The choice of material depends on the specific requirements of the project, such as strength, durability, corrosion resistance, and aesthetic appeal.

Question 3: How do I choose a reputable welding and fabrication company?

Answer: Consider factors such as experience, expertise, certifications, portfolio, customer reviews, and insurance. Look for companies that demonstrate a commitment to quality, safety, and customer satisfaction.

Question 4: What are the benefits of using custom welding and fabrication services?

Answer: Custom welding and fabrication offer numerous advantages, including the ability to create unique and tailored solutions, meet specific design requirements, ensure precision and accuracy, and control costs.

Question 5: How much does custom welding and fabrication cost?

Answer: The cost of custom welding and fabrication varies depending on factors such as the complexity of the project, materials used, labor involved, and any additional services required. It’s important to obtain detailed quotes from reputable companies to compare pricing and ensure transparency.

Question 6: What are some common applications of custom welding and fabrication?

Answer: Custom welding and fabrication find applications in diverse industries, including construction, manufacturing, automotive, aerospace, and art. They are used to create everything from structural components and industrial machinery to decorative elements and custom furniture.

Summary of key takeaways or final thought:

Custom welding and fabrication are valuable services that offer numerous benefits for a wide range of applications. By understanding the differences between welding and fabrication, choosing reputable companies, and considering the costs and applications involved, individuals can make informed decisions and harness the power of these services to bring their projects to life.

Transition to the next article section:

To delve deeper into the world of custom welding and fabrication, explore the following sections for additional insights and practical advice.

Tips for Choosing a Custom Welding and Fabrication Company

To ensure a successful custom welding and fabrication project, selecting the right company is crucial. Consider the following tips to make an informed decision.

Tip 1: Define Your Project Requirements

Clearly outline your project’s specifications, including design, materials, timeline, and budget. This will help you communicate your needs effectively to potential fabricators.

Tip 2: Research and Compare Companies

Investigate different welding and fabrication companies in your area. Check their websites, read online reviews, and ask for recommendations from industry contacts.

Tip 3: Evaluate Experience and Expertise

Look for companies with a proven track record and expertise in handling projects similar to yours. Consider their experience with specific materials, techniques, and industry standards.

Tip 4: Request Quotes and Check References

Obtain detailed quotes from multiple companies. Compare pricing, but also consider factors such as the scope of work, materials used, and warranty offered. Request references from previous clients to assess the company’s reliability and quality of work.

Tip 5: Consider Communication and Customer Service

Choose a company that is responsive, transparent, and committed to open communication throughout the project. Good customer service can ensure a smooth and stress-free experience.

Tip 6: Visit the Fabrication Facility

If possible, visit the fabrication facility to assess the company’s equipment, safety measures, and overall work environment. This will provide insights into their capabilities and commitment to quality.

Tip 7: Trust Your Instincts

After evaluating all the factors, trust your instincts when selecting a custom welding and fabrication company. Choose a company that you feel confident in and that aligns with your project goals and expectations.

Summary of key takeaways or benefits:

By following these tips, you can increase your chances of finding a reputable and skilled custom welding and fabrication company that can deliver exceptional results for your project.

Transition to the article’s conclusion:

Choosing the right custom welding and fabrication company is essential for a successful project. By considering these tips, researching thoroughly, and making an informed decision, you can ensure that your project is executed with precision, quality, and customer satisfaction.

Conclusion

Custom welding and fabrication services offer a myriad of advantages, empowering individuals and businesses to bring their unique visions to life. By partnering with skilled and experienced fabricators, clients can access exceptional craftsmanship, innovative solutions, and tailored products that meet their specific requirements.

This comprehensive guide has explored the key aspects of custom welding and fabrication near you, providing valuable insights into expertise, customization, precision, materials, equipment, quality control, safety, communication, cost-effectiveness, turnaround time, and customer service. Understanding these aspects empowers clients to make informed decisions and select the right fabricator for their projects.

When seeking custom welding and fabrication services near you, prioritize quality, reliability, and a commitment to excellence. Choose a fabricator who understands your needs, embraces innovation, and is dedicated to delivering exceptional results. By forging a partnership with a reputable fabricator, you can unlock the full potential of custom welding and fabrication, transforming your ideas into tangible realities.

Recommended For You

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *